Kidney Stones: Oxalate-Controlled Diet
Your doctor has ordered a diet to help you decrease the chances of forming calcium oxalate kidney stones. Oxalate is a compound that is naturally present in many foods. The following six factors increase the risk of forming calcium oxalate stones.
1. The amount of oxalate in certain foods.
Although many foods contain oxalate, only nine foods are known to increase oxalate in the urine and kidney stone formation. They are: beets, spinach, rhubarb, strawberries, nuts, chocolate, tea, wheat bran, and all dry beans (fresh, canned, or cooked), excluding lima and green beans. It is best to avoid these foods.
2. The amount of calcium in your diet.
Low amounts of calcium in your diet will increase your chances of forming calcium oxalate kidney stones. You need calcium in your diet to bind oxalate in the intestines. This helps reduce the amount of oxalate being absorbed by your body, so stones are less likely to form. Consuming a moderate amount of calcium every day (2 to 3 servings) from dairy foods or other calcium-rich foods is recommended. If you take a calcium supplement, calcium citrate is the preferred form.
3. The vitamin C content of your diet.
Oxalate is an end product of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) metabolism. Large doses of Vitamin C may increase the amount of oxalate in your urine, increasing the risk of kidney stone formation. If you are taking a supplement, do not take more than 500 mg of Vitamin C daily.
4. The amount of fluids in your diet.
It is very important to drink plenty of liquids. Your goal should be 10-12 glasses a day. At least 5-6 glasses should be water. You may also want to consider drinking lemonade. Research suggests that lemonade may be helpful in reducing the risk of calcium oxalate stone formation.
5. The amount of protein in your diet.
Eating large amounts of protein may increase the risk of kidney stone formation. Your daily protein needs can usually be met with 2-3 servings a day, or 4 to 6 ounces.
6. The amount of sodium in your diet.
Reduce the amount of sodium in your diet to 2-3 grams per day. Limit eating processed foods such as hot dogs, deli meats, sausage, canned products, dry soup mixes, sauerkraut, pickles, and various convenience mixes.
This information is provided by the Cleveland Clinic and is not intended to replace the medical advice of your doctor or health care provider. Please consult your health care provider for advice about a specific medical condition.
my.clevelandclinic.org
© Copyright 2015 Cleveland Clinic. All rights reserved.
my.clevelandclinic.org
© Copyright 2015 Cleveland Clinic. All rights reserved.
Group |
|
Food Item |
Oxalate Category |
Serving size |
Oxalate Value |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fruits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Whole
Fruits
|
|
Avocados
|
Very High
|
1 fruit
|
19mg
|
|
|
|
Dates
|
Very High
|
1 date
|
24mg
|
|
|
|
Grapefruit
|
Very High
|
1/2 fruit
|
12mg
|
|
|
|
Kiwi
|
Very High
|
1 fruit
|
16mg
|
|
|
|
Orange
|
Very High
|
1 fruit
|
29mg
|
|
|
|
Raspberries
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
48mg
|
|
|
|
Tangerine
|
High
|
1 fruit
|
10mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canned
Fruits
|
|
Canned Pineapple
|
Very High
|
1/2 cup
|
24mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dried
Fruits
|
|
Dried Figs
|
Very High
|
5 pieces/fruits
|
24mg
|
|
|
|
Dried Pineapples
|
Very High
|
1/2 cup
|
30mg
|
|
|
|
Dried Prunes
|
High
|
1/4 cup or 5 prunes
|
11mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vegetables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bamboo Shoots
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
35mg
|
|
|
|
Beets
|
Very High
|
1/2 cup
|
76mg
|
|
|
|
Fava Beans
|
Very High
|
1/2 cup
|
20mg
|
|
|
|
Navy Beans
|
Very High
|
1/2 cup
|
76mg
|
|
|
|
Okra
|
Very High
|
1/2 cup
|
57mg
|
|
|
|
Olives
|
Very High
|
approx 10 olives
|
18mg
|
|
|
|
Parsnip
|
Very High
|
1/2 cup
|
15mg
|
|
|
|
Red Kidney Beans
|
Very High
|
1/2 cup
|
15mg
|
|
|
|
Refried Beans
|
Very High
|
1/2 cup
|
16mg
|
|
|
|
Rhubarb
|
Very High
|
1/2 cup
|
541mg
|
|
|
|
Rutabaga
|
Very High
|
1/2 cup mashed
|
31mg
|
|
|
|
Spinach, cooked
|
Very High
|
1/2 cup
|
755mg
|
|
|
|
Spinach, raw
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
656mg
|
|
|
|
Tomato Sauce
|
Very High
|
1/2 cup
|
17mg
|
|
|
|
Turnip
|
Very High
|
1/2 cup mashed
|
30mg
|
|
|
|
Yams
|
Very High
|
1/2 cup, cubed
|
40mg
|
|
|
|
Carrots, raw
|
High
|
1/2 lg carrot
|
10mg
|
|
|
|
Celery, Cooked
|
High
|
1 cup
|
10mg
|
|
|
|
Collards
|
High
|
1 cup
|
10mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Potatoes
|
|
French Fries (homemade or fast food)
|
Very High
|
4 oz or 1/2 cup
|
51mg
|
|
|
|
Baked Potato with Skin
|
Very High
|
1 medium
|
97mg
|
|
|
|
Mashed Potatoes
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
29mg
|
|
|
|
Potato Chips
|
Very High
|
1 oz
|
21mg
|
|
|
|
Potato Salad
|
Very High
|
1/3 cup
|
17mg
|
|
|
|
Sweet Potatoes
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
28mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Breads & Grains |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Breads
|
|
French Toast
|
Very High
|
2 slices
|
13mg
|
|
|
|
English Muffin Whole Wheat
|
High
|
1 muffin
|
12mg
|
|
|
|
Pancakes (Homemade)
|
High
|
4 cakes
|
11mg
|
|
|
|
Pancakes (mix)
|
High
|
4 cakes
|
10mg
|
|
|
|
Blueberry Muffins
|
High
|
1 muffin
|
9mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pastas,
Rice & Grains
|
All-Purpose Flour
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
17mg
|
|
|
|
|
Brown Rice, cooked
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
24mg
|
|
|
|
Brown Rice Flour
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
65mg
|
|
|
|
Buckwheat Groats
|
Very High
|
1 cup cooked
|
133mg
|
|
|
|
Bulgur, cooked
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
86mg
|
|
|
|
Corn Grits
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
97mg
|
|
|
|
Cornmeal
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
64mg
|
|
|
|
Couscous
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
15mg
|
|
|
|
Lasagna
|
Very High
|
1 serving
|
23mg
|
|
|
|
Millet, cooked
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
62mg
|
|
|
|
Miso
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
40mg
|
|
|
|
Rice Bran
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
281mg
|
|
|
|
Soy Flour
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
94mg
|
|
|
|
Wheat Berries
|
Very High
|
1 cup cooked
|
98mg
|
|
|
|
Wheat Flour, Whole Grain
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
29mg
|
|
|
|
Spaghetti
|
High
|
1 cup cooked
|
11mg
|
|
|
|
White Rice Flour
|
High
|
1 cup
|
11mg
|
Meats & Fish |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Meat &
Meat Alternatives
|
Tofu
|
Very High
|
3.5oz
|
13mg
|
|
|
|
|
Veggie Burger
|
Very High
|
1 pattie
|
24mg
|
|
|
|
Soy Burger
|
High
|
3.5oz
|
12mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fish
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nuts and Seeds |
|
Almonds
|
Very High
|
1 oz or 22 kernels
|
122mg
|
|
|
|
Candies with Nuts (ex Snickers)
|
Very High
|
2 oz
|
38mg
|
|
|
|
Cashews
|
Very High
|
1 oz or 18 kernels
|
49mg
|
|
|
|
Peanuts
|
Very High
|
1 oz
|
27mg
|
|
|
|
Pistachios
|
Very High
|
1 oz or 48 kernels
|
14mg
|
|
|
|
Mixed Nuts (with Peanuts)
|
Very High
|
1 oz
|
39mg
|
|
|
|
Pumpkin Seeds
|
Very High
|
1 cup, cooked
|
17mg
|
|
|
|
Trail Mix
|
Very High
|
1 oz
|
15mg
|
|
|
|
Walnuts
|
Very High
|
1 cup or 7 nuts
|
31mg
|
|
|
|
Pecans
|
High
|
1 oz or 15 halves
|
10mg
|
|
|
|
Sunflower Seeds
|
High
|
1 cup
|
12mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cakes, Candies, Cookies & Pudding Snacks |
Brownies
|
Very High
|
1 oz or 1/2 brownie
|
31mg
|
|
|
|
|
Cake (store brand)
|
Very High
|
1 piece
|
15mg
|
|
|
|
Cake (homemade)
|
Very High
|
1 piece
|
16mg
|
|
|
|
Candies with Nuts (ex Snickers)
|
Very High
|
2 oz
|
38mg
|
|
|
|
Chocolate Syrup
|
Very High
|
2 Tbs
|
38mg
|
|
|
|
Fudge Sauce
|
Very High
|
2 Tbs
|
28mg
|
|
|
|
Cake (Low Fat Only)
|
High
|
1 piece
|
11mg
|
|
|
|
Chocolate Chip Cookies (store brand)
|
High
|
1 cookie
|
10mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Crackers, Chips & Miscellaneous |
Potato Chips
|
Very High
|
1 oz
|
21mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beverages |
|
Carrot Juice
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
27mg
|
|
|
|
Hot Chocolate (homemade)
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
65mg
|
|
|
|
Lemonade (frozen from concentrate)
|
Very High
|
8 oz
|
15mg
|
|
|
|
Rice Dream
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
13mg
|
|
|
|
Tea, Brewed
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
14mg
|
|
|
|
Tomato Juice
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
14mg
|
|
|
|
V8 Juice
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
18mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Spreads, Sauces & Toppings |
Chocolate Syrup
|
Very High
|
2 Tbs
|
38mg
|
|
|
|
|
Fudge Sauce
|
Very High
|
2 Tbs
|
28mg
|
|
|
|
Miso
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
40mg
|
|
|
|
Peanut Butter
|
Very High
|
1 Tbs
|
13mg
|
|
|
|
Peanut Butter Reduced Fat
|
Very High
|
1 Tbs
|
16mg
|
|
|
|
Stuffing
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
36mg
|
|
|
|
Tahini
|
Very High
|
1 Tbs
|
16mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ingredients |
|
All-Purpose Flour
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
17mg
|
|
|
|
Brown Rice Flour
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
65mg
|
|
|
|
Cocoa Powder
|
Very High
|
4 tsp
|
67mg
|
|
|
|
Cornmeal
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
64mg
|
|
|
|
Soy Flour
|
Very High
|
|
94mg
|
|
|
|
Soy Protein Isolate
|
Very High
|
1 oz
|
27mg
|
|
|
|
Wheat Flour, Whole Grain
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
29mg
|
|
|
|
White Rice Flour
|
High
|
1 cup
|
11mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fast Food Items or Meals |
Burritos with beans
|
Very High
|
1 burrito
|
17mg
|
|
|
|
|
Burritos with beans & meat
|
Very High
|
1 burrito
|
16mg
|
|
|
|
Cheeseburger with bun
|
Very High
|
1 burger & bun
|
13mg
|
|
|
|
Chili with Beans
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
24mg
|
|
|
|
Enchilada with Cheese & beef
|
Very High
|
1 enchilada
|
13mg
|
|
|
|
Enchilada with Chicken
|
Very High
|
1 enchilada
|
13mg
|
|
|
|
French Fries
|
Very High
|
4 oz
|
51mg
|
|
|
|
Lasagna with meat
|
Very High
|
1 serving
|
23mg
|
|
|
|
Nachos with Cheese
|
Very High
|
6-8 chips
|
13mg
|
|
|
|
Pizza with Cheese
|
Very High
|
2 slices
|
13mg
|
|
|
|
Grilled Cheese Sandwich
|
High
|
1 sandwich
|
12mg
|
|
|
|
Tacos
|
High
|
1 small taco
|
12mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Soups |
|
Clam Chowder
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
13mg
|
|
|
|
Lentil Soup
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
39mg
|
|
|
|
Miso Soup
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
111mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Breakfast Items |
|
Cream of Wheat
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
18mg
|
|
|
|
Red River Cereal
|
Very High
|
1/4 cup
|
13mg
|
|
|
|
Corn Grits
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
97mg
|
|
|
|
Farina Cereal
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
16mg
|
|
|
|
French Toast
|
Very High
|
2 slices
|
13mg
|
|
|
|
Pancakes (Homemade)
|
Very High
|
4 pancakes
|
22mg
|
|
|
|
Pancakes (dry mix)
|
Very High
|
4 pancakes
|
37mg
|
|
|
|
Danish Pastry Homemade
|
Very High
|
1 pastry
|
14mg
|
|
|
|
Sweet Rolls Low Fat
|
Very High
|
1 pastry
|
13mg
|
|
|
|
English Muffins Whole Wheat ONLY
|
High
|
1 muffin
|
12mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cereals by Manufacturer |
*listing of any item
does not suggest that you avoid buying the item
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kellogg's
|
|
All-Bran Original
|
Very High
|
1/2 cup
|
26mg
|
|
|
|
All-Bran Buds
|
Very High
|
1/2 cup
|
20mg
|
|
|
|
Complete Wheat Bran
|
Very High
|
3/4 cup
|
34mg
|
|
|
|
Cracklin' Oat Bran
|
Very High
|
3/4 cup
|
15mg
|
|
|
|
Frosted Mini-Wheats
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
28mg
|
|
|
|
Just Right Fruit & Nut
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
13mg
|
|
|
|
Low Fat Granola with Raisins
|
Very High
|
2/3 cup
|
16mg
|
|
|
|
Kashi Go Lean
|
Very High
|
3/4 cup
|
14mg
|
|
|
|
Mueslix Apple & Almond Crunch
|
Very High
|
2/3 cup
|
20mg
|
|
|
|
Mueslix
|
Very High
|
2/3 cup
|
17mg
|
|
|
|
Puffed Kashi
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
13mg
|
|
|
|
Raisin Bran
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
46mg
|
|
|
|
Raisin Bran Crunch
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
27mg
|
|
|
|
Raisin Squares Mini-Wheats
|
Very High
|
3/4 cup
|
41mg
|
|
|
|
Smart Start
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
15mg
|
|
|
|
All-Bran with Extra Fiber
|
High
|
1/2 cup
|
11mg
|
|
|
|
Cocoa Krispies
|
High
|
3/4 cup
|
11mg
|
|
|
|
Kashi Good Friends
|
High
|
3/4 cup
|
10mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Post
Cereals
|
|
100% Bran
|
Very High
|
1/3 cup
|
25mg
|
|
|
|
40% Bran
|
Very High
|
3/4 cup
|
36mg
|
|
|
|
Banana Nut Crunch
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
25mg
|
|
|
|
Cranberry Almond Crunch (Morning
Traditions)
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
35mg
|
|
|
|
Fruit & Fiber Dates, Raisins &
Walnuts
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
41mg
|
|
|
|
Great Grains Raisin, Dates & Pecans
|
Very High
|
2/3 cup
|
17mg
|
|
|
|
Great Grains Crunch Pecan
|
Very High
|
2/3 cup
|
18mg
|
|
|
|
Grape Nuts
|
Very High
|
1/2 cup
|
14mg
|
|
|
|
Original Shredded Wheat & Bran
|
Very High
|
1 1/4 cup
|
53mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General
Mills
|
|
Basic 4
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
17mg
|
|
|
|
Fiber One
|
Very High
|
1/2 cup
|
13mg
|
|
|
|
Honey Nut Clusters
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
23mg
|
|
|
|
Multi-Bran Chex
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
36mg
|
|
|
|
Nature Valley Cinnimon & Raisins
Granola
|
Very High
|
3/4 cup
|
13mg
|
|
|
|
Oatmeal Crisp with Almonds
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
24mg
|
|
|
|
Oatmeal Raisin Crisp
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
13mg
|
|
|
|
Raisin Nut Bran
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
24mg
|
|
|
|
Total Raisin Bran
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
31mg
|
|
|
|
Harmony
|
High
|
1 1/4 cup
|
11mg
|
|
|
|
Wheaties Raisin Bran
|
High
|
1 cup
|
11mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quaker
|
|
Low Fat 100% Natural Granola with Raisins
|
Very High
|
3/4 cup
|
15mg
|
|
|
|
100% Natural Granola Oats & Honey
|
Very High
|
1/2 cup
|
13mg
|
|
|
|
Oat Bran
|
High
|
1 1/4
cup
|
10mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
Cereal Brands
|
Bran Flakes with Raisins, Single Brand
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
57mg
|
|
|
|
|
Nabisco Shredded Wheat
|
Very High
|
2 biscuits
|
42mg
|
|
|
|
Nabisco Honey Nut Shredded Wheat Bite Size
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
47mg
|
|
|
|
Spoonsize Shredded Wheat
|
Very High
|
1 cup
|
45mg
|
|
|
|
Uncle Sam
|
High
|
1 cup
|
11mg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
